Meeting at the hotel at the specified early time and leaving the hotel for the Bergama tour.

After the journey, which will take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes, Bergama is reached.

BERGAMA ANCIENT CITY: Bergama district center is established on the hillside where the ancient city

of Pergamon, the capital of the Pergamon Kingdom in the Hellenistic period, was located. Pergamon,

 which was a place where people engaged in small-scale agriculture gathered before the

establishment of the Pergamon Kingdom, is considered to have an oldest known history of 3000 BC.

 The oldest place in the region is the Yortanlı Cemetery.

The ancient city was the capital of the Pergamon Kingdom, which became one of the most powerful

Hellenistic kingdoms in Anatolia between 280-133 BC, and is equipped with many important

 architectural works. The Pergamon Libraries, one of the most famous structures of the period, and

the Pergamon Asclepieion, the health center of the ancient world, were built.

The Roman Empire took over the city and state of Pergamon in 133 BC by will. As a Roman provincial

 metropolis, Pergamon continued to compete with the other metropolises of the Asian province,

Smyrna (İzmir) and Ephesus (Selçuk). According to physician Galen, the population of the city center

of Pergamon reached 120 thousand in the 2nd century BC. The city suffered great damage in the

earthquake in 262.

After visiting the ancient city of Bergama, we stop for lunch at a local restaurant.

After lunch, we continue our tour with the Asclepion.

ASCLEPION: Asclepius was a healing temple consecrated in the name of the god of medicine in

Ancient Greece. These temples were a place where patients would visit, whether for treatment or

some kind of healing, whether spiritual or physical.

Asklepion got its name from the God of Health, Asklepios. Asklepios was the child of Apollo, the God

of Health, and a fairy named Koronis. Over time, Asklepios became a famous doctor and was thought

to have resurrected even the dead. Zeus got very angry and killed Asklepios. Many temples were built

in the name of Asklepios. These temples were named Asklepios. These were in Titan-Trika, Rhodes,

Istankoy, Epidauros, Athens and Pergamon. The only Asklepion that has survived to this day is the one

in Pergamon. It is thought that this Asklepion, located in the Bergama district of Izmir, was founded in

the 4th century BC. It continued to provide healing for 9 centuries. It is located in a valley on Geyikli

Mountain and is thought to have healing water sources. People were healed with these healing

waters. Pergamon Asklepion is a medical school where famous doctors such as Galenos were trained

 and is the world's first psychiatric hospital.

In Bergama Asklepion, in addition to the most important methods of suggestion and physiotherapy,

water-mud baths, massages, healing herbs, music, and various ceremonies were also treatment

methods. Asklepion had healing waters, corridors and tunnels where mental patients could wander

accompanied by the sounds of water and birds, and marble theaters. Heliotherapy (sun treatment),

teatrotherapy (theater), theotherapy (belief), and gymnastics (sports); are known as the famous

treatment methods of Asklepion. When a patient came to this center, he would first be cleaned with

healing waters, then he would wish God for health and make various offerings. He would sleep and a

treatment program would be determined by analyzing the dream he saw by priest doctors. It has

been observed that doctors from Bergama interpreted the dreams of patients and used

psychotherapy. In addition, opium-based drugs were first used to relieve pain by these doctors in

Asklepion.

The doctors in the Asclepeions were called "Asclepiad" or Priest-Physician. The patients and illnesses

of Asclepeion were various. Mostly women came here to get healed. Serious patients such as

paralysis, chest tightness, stomach pains, madness, as well as those with the slightest wounds and

bruises came. Patients at risk of death could not enter this health center, otherwise it was believed

that the healing power of the center would be lost.

At the end of the day we set out to return to our hotel. Our tour ends after returning to the hotel.